What is draw weight?
Draw weight is the pulling force required to draw a bow, usually stated in pounds. For a recurve, the number depends on how far you draw. For a compound, the advertised number normally describes peak force during the draw cycle, while the force you hold at full draw is lower.
Reading the number on your bow
Recurve limbs commonly carry a weight rating at a 28-inch AMO draw length, sometimes with a specified riser length. Your actual weight at the fingers can differ. Drawing farther generally increases the force; drawing less generally reduces it. Limb-bolt position and riser geometry can change the result too.
The increase per inch is not identical across bows. Avoid treating a rough pounds-per-inch estimate as a measurement, especially near the end of a limb's comfortable draw range. Use a bow scale to find the weight at your normal anchor.
A compound reaches its peak earlier in the draw and then drops into a lighter holding weight. Let-off describes that reduction as a percentage. A bow with 60 lb peak weight and 80% let-off has a nominal holding weight of 12 lb. You still have to pull through the peak.
Measuring draw weight safely
Use an archery scale rated for the bow, with secure attachments and the manufacturer's procedure. A shop can measure a compound on an appropriate draw board and check peak and holding readings separately. Keep fingers and loose clothing away from cams and cables.
For a recurve, measure at the draw length you actually use. Record both the weight and that length so the reading remains meaningful later. A scale reading taken short of your usual anchor will understate what you hold while aiming.
Choosing a weight you can repeat
Judge a bow after repeated controlled draws and shots. If you raise the bow sharply to start the draw, twist your torso, or lose the ability to let down smoothly, reduce the load and have a coach check your technique. The opening arrows of a session can feel easy even when the weight is too much for the whole round.
Before increasing poundage, make sure you can finish your usual practice session without shortening the draw or losing control of the let-down. More draw weight can add speed, but it also changes the arrow selection. Recheck arrow spine and the bow manufacturer's minimum arrow weight whenever you make a substantial adjustment.
On an adjustable bow, stay within the manual's limb-bolt limits. Do not keep backing bolts out to reach a desired number. If the safe adjustment range is still too heavy, you need suitable limbs or a different bow.
Questions
What draw weight should a beginner use?
Choose a weight that allows smooth draws, stable aiming, and controlled let-downs throughout practice. There is no useful universal number based only on age or body size. Try a light club or shop bow with instruction, then select equipment around the technique you can repeat without strain.
Why do my recurve limbs feel heavier than their label?
The marked weight normally refers to a stated draw length and setup. Your longer draw, riser choice, or limb adjustment may produce a higher weight at the fingers. Measure the assembled bow at your normal anchor. Fatigue can also make an unchanged weight feel harder later in practice.
Does high let-off make a heavy compound easy to draw?
High let-off reduces the force held at full draw. It does not remove the peak force you pass through before reaching that position. Evaluate the whole draw and let-down, especially when tired. A comfortable hold cannot compensate for a peak weight that makes you heave the bow upward.